Hydra

 Hydra
         Hydra (THC Hydra) is a tool to automate brute force attacks against password authentication. It is the most famous online password cracking tool.
     

Syntax

$ hydra [[[-l LOGIN|-L FILE] [-p PASS|-P FILE]] | [-C FILE]] [-e ns]
[-o FILE] [-t TASKS] [-M FILE [-T TASKS]] [-w TIME] [-f] [-s PORT] [-S] [-vV]
server service [OPT]

Example

$ hydra 127.0.0.1 mysql -l root -P /data/dictionnaires/test.txt -t 4
Hydra v5.9 (c) 2010 by van Hauser / THC - use allowed only for legal purposes.
Hydra (http://www.thc.org) starting at 2011-01-01 13:01:15
[DATA] 4 tasks, 1 servers, 32 login tries (l:1/p:32), ~8 tries per task
[DATA] attacking service mysql on port 3306
[3306][mysql] host: 127.0.0.1   login: root   password: Password01
[STATUS] attack finished for 127.0.0.1 (waiting for childs to finish)
Hydra (http://www.thc.org) finished at 2011-01-01 13:01:15

Backdoor

A back door is a means of access to a computer program that bypasses security mechanisms. A programmer may sometimes install a back door so that the program can be accessed for troubleshooting or other purposes. However, attackers often use back doors that they detect or install themselves, as part of an exploit. In some cases, a worm is designed to take advantage of a back door created by an earlier attack. For example, Nimdagained entrance through a back door left by Code Red.


  
The threat of backdoors surfaced when multiuser and networked operating systems became widely adopted. Petersen and Turn discussed computer subversion in a paper published in the proceedings of the 1967 AFIPS Conference.^[4] They noted a class of active infiltration attacks that use "trapdoor" entry points into the system to bypass security facilities and permit direct access to data. The use of the word trapdoor here clearly coincides with more recent definitions of a backdoor. However, since the advent ofpublic key cryptography the term trapdoor has acquired a different meaning (see trapdoor function), and thus the term "backdoor" is now preferred. More generally, such security breaches were discussed at length in a RAND Corporation task force report published underARPA sponsorship by J.P. Anderson and D.J. Edwards in 1970.

    In January 2014, a backdoor was discovered certain in Samsung Android products, like the Galaxy devices. The Samsung proprietary Android versions are fitted with a backdoor that provides remote access to the data stored on the device. In particular, the Samsung Android software that is in charge of handling the communications with the modem, using the Samsung IPC protocol, implements a class of requests known as remote file server (RFS) commands, that allows the backdoor operator to perform via modem remote I/O operations on the device hard disk or other storage. As the modem is running Samsung proprietary Android software, it is likely that it offers over-the-air remote control that could then be used to issue the RFS commands and thus to access the file system on the device.

      
     

What is cryptograpy????

Cryptography or cryptology (from Greekκρυπτός kryptós, "hidden, secret"; andγράφειν graphein, "writing", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively^[1]) is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries.^[2] More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages;^[3] various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation^[4] are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines ofmathematics, computer science, andelectrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce.

        Modern cryptography concerns itself with the following four objectives:

1) Confidentiality (the information cannot be understood by anyone for whom it was unintended)

2) Integrity (the information cannot be altered in storage or transit between sender and intended receiver without the alteration being detected)

3) Non-repudiation (the creator/sender of the information cannot deny at a later stage his or her intentions in the creation or transmission of the information)

4) Authentication (the sender and receiver can confirm each other?s identity and the origin/destination of the information)

     

        Procedures and protocols that meet some or all of the above criteria are known as cryptosystems. Cryptosystems are often thought to refer only to mathematical procedures and computer programs; however, they also include the regulation of human behavior, such as choosing hard-to-guess passwords, logging off unused systems, and not discussing sensitive procedures with outsiders.

Python for hacking

Python is a widely used high level, general purpose, dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than possible in languages such as C++ or Java.


              It is mostly used in Linux operating systems. It can be using in hacking to make tools, exploits, Trojans,etc. Python is a powerful programming language which can be used in hacking.

         Python has some important features that make it particularly useful for hacking, but probably most importantly, it has some pre-built libraries that provide some powerful functionality. Python ships with over 1,000 modules and many more are available in various other repositories. This isn't to say that scripting languages like BASH, Perl, and Ruby can't do the same things as Python, but building those capabilities are much easier using Python.
  
       Here is a image which shows a ftp password cracker made using python.

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